The Mathematical Morphology is an image processing domain founded in late 60. It offers a number of tools, from the image filtering, via image analysis to object recognition. As that it has become widely used in many applicative domains, such as medical and biomedical imaging, material imaging or computer vision and others. Numerous advanced hardware architectures based on efficient algorithms have also deeply contributed to its adoption by the industry. This talk aims to present two institutions involved in the domain of Mathematical Morphology: the Center of Mathematical Morphology, Mines-Paristech, and Computer Science Departement, ESIEE Paris, via their research activities. From the applicative point of view, the attention will focus on material images, industrial control and defectoscopy.